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A great scholar in the Hanlin Academy (Beijing), he is one of the gentrymen who lacks a proper position in the administration as of now. Nevertheless, his thoughts are widely respected in the Empire, advocating for reform of the current bureaucracy. With Wei Yuan, he wrote the Qīng Jīngshì Wénbiān, making the statecraft school known in all of China. Now (1836), most academics study the jingshi to properly serve the Qing.